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| Goshen |
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Easton's Bible Dictionary
(1) A district in Egypt where
Jacob and his family settled,
and in which they remained till
the Exodus ( Genesis
45:10 ; 46:28
, 46:29
, 46:31
, etc.). It is called "the land
of Goshen" ( Genesis
47:27 ), and also simply
"Goshen" ( Genesis
46:28 ), and "the land of
Rameses" ( Genesis
47:11 ; Exodus
12:37 ), for the towns Pithom
and Rameses lay within its borders;
also Zoan or Tanis ( Psalms
78:12 ). It lay on the east
of the Nile, and apparently
not far from the royal residence.
It was "the best of the land"
( Genesis
47:6 , 47:11
), but is now a desert. It is
first mentioned in Joseph's
message to his father. It has
been identified with the modern
Wady Tumilat, lying between
the eastern part of the Delta
and the west border of Palestine.
It was a pastoral district,
where some of the king's cattle
were kept ( Genesis
47:6 ). The inhabitants
were not exclusively Israelites
( Exodus
3:22 ; 11:2
; 12:35
, 12:36
).
(2) A district in Palestine
( Joshua
10:41 ; 11:16
). It was a part of the maritime
plain of Judah, and lay between
Gaza and Gibeon.
(3) A town in the mountains
of Judah ( Joshua
15:51 ).
Hitchcock's Dictionary of
Bible Names
approaching; drawing near
Smith's Bible Dictionary
(1) The name of a part of Egypt
where the Israelites dwelt during
the whole period of their sojourn
in that country. It was probably
situated on the eastern border
of the Nile, extending from
the Mediterranean to the Red
Sea. It contained the treasure-cities
of Rameses and Pittim. It was
a pasture land, especially suited
to a shepherd people, and sufficient
for the Israelites, who there
prospered, and were separate
from the main body of the Egyptians.
(2) A district in southern Palestine
conquered by Joshua. ( Joshua
10:41 ) It lay between Gaza
and Gibeon.
(3) A town in the mountains
of Judah, probably in a part
of the country of Goshen.
International Standard Bible
Encyclopedia
(1) go'-shen (goshen; Gesem):
go'-shen (goshen):
1.
Meaning of Name:
The region where the Hebrews
dwelt in Egypt. If the
Septuagint reading Gesem
be correct, the word,
which in its Hebrew form
has no known meaning,
may mean "cultivated"--comparing
the Arabic root jashima,
"to labor." Egyptologists
have suggested a connection
with the Egyptian word
qas, meaning "inundated
land" because Goshen was
apparently the same region,
called by the Greeks the
"Arabian nome," which
had its capital at Phakousa
representing the Egyptian
Pa-qas (Brugsch, Geog.,
I, 298), the name of a
town, with the determinative
for "pouring forth." Van
der Hardt, indeed, more
than a century ago (see
Sayce, Higher Criticism,
235), supposed the two
words to be connected.
Dr. Naville in 1887 found
the word as denoting the
vicinity of Pi-sopt (now
Saft el Henneh), 6 miles
East of Zagazig--in the
form Q-s-m. He concludes
that this was the site
of Phakousa, but the latter
is usually placed at Tell
el Faqus, about 15 miles
South of ZOAN
(which see), and this
appears to be the situation
of the "City of Arabia"
which Silvia, about 385
AD, identifies with Gesse
or Goshen; for she reached
it in her journey from
Heroopolis, through Goshen
to Tathnis or Taphnis
(Daphnai), and to Pelusium.
2. Situation:
It is generally agreed
that Goshen was the region
East of the Bubastic branch
of the Nile; and in Psalms
78:12 , 43
, it seems to be clearly
identified with the "field
(or pastoral plain) of
Zoan," which was probably
also the "land of Rameses"
mentioned (Genesis
47:11) as possessed
by Jacob's family (see
RAAMSES; ZOAN).
Where first mentioned
(Genesis
45:10), Goshen
is promised by Joseph
to Jacob as a land fit
for flocks, and the Septuagint
here reads, "Gesem of
Arabia," probably referring
to the Arabian nome which
took its name from the
"desert" which defended
the East border of Egypt.
In the second notice (Genesis
46:28), the boundary
of the land of Goshen,
where Joseph met his father,
is called in the Septuagint
Heroo(n)-polis, and also
(Genesis
46:28) "the land of
Ramesse(s)"; so that in
the 3rd century BC Goshen
seems to have been identified
with the whole region
of the Arabian nome, as
far South as Heroopolis
which (see PITHOM) lay
in Wady Tumeilat. Goshen
included pastoral lands
(Genesis
46:34 ; 47:1
, 4
, 6
, 27
; 50:8)
and was still inhabited
by the Hebrews at the
time of the Exodus (Exodus
8:22 ; 9:26),
after which it is unnoticed
in the Old Testament.
The name, however, applied
to other places which
were probably "cultivated"
lands, including a region
in the South of Palestine
(Joshua
10:41 ; 11:16),
"all the country of Goshen
Septuagint Gosom), even
unto Gibeon," and a city
of Judah (Joshua
15:51) in the mountains
near Beersheba. These
notices seem to show that
the word is not of Egyptian
origin.
3. Description:
The region thus very clearly
indicated was not of any
great extent, having an
area of only about 900
square miles, including
two very different districts.
The western half, immediately
East of the Bubastic branch
of the Nile, stretches
from Zoan to Bubastis
(at both of which cities
records of the Hyksos
ruler Apepi have been
found), or a distance
of about 35 miles North
and South. This region
is an irrigated plain
which is still considered
to include some of the
best land in Egypt. The
description of the land
of Rameses (see RAAMSES),
in the 14th century BC,
shows its fertility; and
Silvia says that the land
of Goshen was 16 miles
from Heroopolis, and that
she traveled for two days
in it "through vineyards,
and balsam plantations,
and orchards, and tilled
fields, and gardens."
The region narrows from
about 15 miles near the
seashore to about 10 miles
between Zagazig and Tell
el Kebir on the Southeast
of this, a sandy and gravelly
desert lies between the
Nile plain and the Suez
Canal, broadening southward
from near Daphnai (Tell
Defeneh) to Wady Tumeilat,
where it is 40 miles across
East and West. South of
this valley an equally
waterless desert stretches
to Suez, and from the
Bitter Lakes on the East
to the vicinity of Heliopolis
(Southeast of Cairo) on
the West. Thus, Wady Tumeilat,
which is fertilized by
the Nile waters (see PI-HAHIROTH),
and contains villages
and corn fields, is the
only natural route for
a people driving with
their flocks and herds
by which the vicinity
of the Red Sea can be
reached, the road leading
from the South end of
the "field of Zoan" near
Bubastis, and 40 miles
eastward to the "edge
of the wilderness" (see
ETHAM) and the head of
the Bitter Lakes. This
physical conformation
is important in relation
to the route of the Israelites
(see EXODUS);
and Wady Tumeilat may
very possibly be intended
to be included in Goshen,
as the Septuagint translators
supposed.
C. R. Conder |
(2) Mentioned as a country ('erets)
in the South of Judah distinct
from the "hill country," the
Negeb and the Shephelah (Joshua
10:41 ; 11:16).
Unidentified.
(3) A town in the Southwest
part of the hill country of
Judah (Joshua
15:51), very probably connected
in some way with the district
(1).
Copyright
Information: "Easton's
Bible Dictionary", Matthew
George Easton M.A., D.D., 1897;
"Hitchcock's Dictionary
of Bible Names", Roswell
D. Hitchcock, 1869; "International
Standard Bible Encyclopedia",
Orr, James, M.A., D.D., 1915;
and "Smith's Bible Dictionary",
Smith, William, Dr., 1901. are
public domain and may be freely
used and distributed. |
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